31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
Id. at 6.
Id.
Id. at 8.
Id.
Craig S. Schwalbe, Risk Assessment for Juvenile Justice: A
Meta-Analysis, 31 L. & Hum.
Behav. 449 (October 2007).
KRS 605.010-040.
KRS 610.030.
See Michael L. Dennis, Ya-Fen
Chan & Rodney R. Funk, Development and Validation of the
GAIN Short Screener (GS) for
Internalizing, Externalizing and
Substance Use Disorders and
Crime/Violence Problems Among
Adolescents and Adults, 15 Am. J.
on Addictions 80 (2006) (discussing the GSS).
Federal Advisory Committee on
Juvenile Justice, Annual Report
2010 at 10 (2010)(recommending
"sustained funding" for pretrial
diversion programming)(available
at http://www.facjj.org/annual
reports/00-FACJJ%20Annual%
20Report-FINAL%20508.pdf).
Schwalbe, 31 L. & Hum. Behav.
supra n. 35 at 449.
Id. at 458.
Id.
Id. at 460.
Id.
Pat Arthur & Christopher Hartney,
Arkansas Youth Justice: The Architecture of Reform, 13 (National
Center for Youth Law and National
Council on Crime and Delinquency
2012) (available at www.nccd
global.org/sites/default/files/
publication_pdf/arkansas-youthjustice.pdf).
David Richard, Kim Brooks &
Mark Soler, Unintended Consequences: The Impact of "Zero
Tolerance" and Other Exclusionary
Policies on Kentucky Students
(Building Blocks for Youth 2003)
and Am. Psychological Assn. Zero
Tolerance Taskforce, Are Zero Tolerance Policies Effective in
Schools? An Evidentiary Review
and Recommendations, 63 Am.
Psychologist 852 (2008).
David Osher et al., How Can We
Improve School Discipline? 39
Educ. Researcher 48 (2010)
48. Annie E. Casey Foundation, Juvenile Justice at a Crossroads, 5
Advocasey 1, 10 (Spring 2003)
(available at http://www.aecf.org/
upload/publicationfiles/
juvenile%20justice%20at%20
crossroads.pdf) (quoting Professor
Barry Feld that training schools and
incarceration "constitute the one
extensively evaluated and clearly
ineffective method to treat delinquents.").
49. Michael Peters et al., Boot Camps
for Juvenile Offenders 31 (Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention 1997)(finding participants were "no less likely to
reoffend after release than their control group") (available at
www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/164258.pdf).
50. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Effects on Violence
Laws and Policies Facilitating the
Transfer of Youth from the Juvenile
to the Adult Justice System, 56
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
Report 1 (Nov. 2007)(transferring
to adult court "typically increases"
rates of violence among youth).
51. Anthony Petrosino, Carolyn
Turpin-Petrosino & John Buehler,
"Scared Straight" and Other Juvenile Awareness Programs for
Preventing Juvenile Delinquency: A
Systematic Review of the Randomized Experimental Evidence 589
Annals of the Am. Acad. of Pol.
and Soc. Sci. 41 (September 2003).
52. Dennis P. Rosenbaum, Just Say No
to D.A.R.E., 6:4 Criminology &
Pub. Policy 815 (2007); contra
http://www.dare.com/home/
Resources/Default5647.asp?N=
Resources&M;=16&S;=0.
53. See, e.g., http://coalition4
evidence.org/wordpress/;
http://www.nrepp.samhsa.gov/;
http://www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/;
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/.
54. Washington State Institute for Public Policy, Return on Investment:
Evidence-Based Options to
Improve Statewide Outcomes 1
(April 2012) (available at
www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/
12-04-1201.pdf).
55. Id. at 4.
56. Id. at 6.
57. Id.
58. Washington State Institute for Public Policy, Evidence-Based Juvenile
Offender Programs: Program
Description, Quality Assurance and
Cost 7 (June 2007) (available at
www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/
07-06-1201.pdf).
59. Washington State Institute for Public Policy, Return on Investment,
supra n. 54, at 4.
60. See Ohio Department of Youth Services., RECLAIM Ohio, Reasoned
and Equitable Community and
Local Alternatives to the Incarceration of Minors, http://www.dys.
ohio.gov/dnn/Community/RECLAI
MOhio/tabid/131/ Default.aspx
(last accessed Oct. 8, 2012).
61. Ohio Rev. Code Ann.
§5139.01(A)(13) (West 2012).
62. Id. See also Christopher T.
Lowenkamp & Edward J. Latessa,
Evaluation of Ohio's Reclaim
Funded Programs, Community
Corrections Facilities, and DYS
Facilities (University of Cincinnati
Center for Criminal Justice
Research 2005)(available at
http://www.dys.ohio.gov/DNN/Link
Click.aspx?fileticket=
7a23A5o%2BuK4%3D&tabid;=
143∣=76).
63. 730 Ill. Comp. Stat. 110/§16.1
(West 2010).
64. Id.
65. Id.
66. Illinois Department of Human Services, Redeploy Illinois Annual
Report 2010 5 (2010), available at
https://docs.google.com/viewer?
url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.
state.il.us%2FOneNetLibrary%
2F27897%2Fdocuments%2FCHP%
2FReports%2FAnnualReports%
2FReDeployIL_Leg0110.pdf.
67. Id. at 7.
68. Justice Policy Institute, supra n. 23
at 5-6; Mark Levin, Getting More
for Less in Juvenile Justice: Innovative and Cost-Effective
Approaches to Reduce Crime,
Restore Victims, and Preserve Families 5 (Texas Public Policy
Foundation, 2010) (available at
http://www.texaspolicy.com/
center/effective-justice/reports/
getting-more-less-juvenile-justice).
January 2013 Bench & Bar 15